The content and graphics in this blog were made alongside Scott Neilson of Autistically Scott. You can find their work and webpage here.
The term Situational Mutism is much preferred to Selective Mutism. The word ‘selective’ implies choice, but in reality, someone experiencing situational mutism does not choose when it happens. It is entirely out of their control. It’s not that they won’t speak,
it’s that they can’t speak.
Why Might This Happen?
Situational mutism can occur due to a variety of factors, often related to feelings of anxiety, uncertainty or sensory overwhelm. Some common triggers include:
- Information overload – Too much input at once can make verbal communication impossible.
- Unfamiliar people – Being around new or unpredictable individuals can heighten anxiety.
- Unfamiliar settings – A new or unpredictable environment may create stress.
- Feeling ‘put on the spot’ – Direct attention can be overwhelming and cause a shutdown.
- Being singled out in front of others – Social pressure can increase distress.
- Sensory over or underwhelm – Loud noises, bright lights or unpredictable environments can be triggering.
What Can Help?
Supporting someone with situational mutism requires patience, understanding and a willingness to adjust expectations. Here are some ways to provide support:
Alternative Ways to Communicate
- Encourage drawing, writing or using gesture-based communication
- Allow for digital communication methods like texting or typing
Provide Comfort Items
- Familiar objects can help create a sense of security and ease anxiety
Indirect Interaction
- Instead of direct verbal engagement, interact through shared objects or activities
- Avoid intense eye contact or direct confrontation
Reduce Pressure to Speak
- Minimise the number of questions asked
- Avoid forcing verbal responses
- Support communication in written or nonverbal forms
Create a Safe and Familiar Environment
- Encourage communication in comfortable settings, like at home or in a quiet space
Give Space and Time
- Support individuals to regulate at their own pace
- Avoid standing over them or positioning yourself in a way that might feel intimidating
- Give time to process information without expecting an immediate response
A Compassionate Approach
Understanding and accommodating situational mutism can significantly ease the stress that individuals experience. By reducing pressure and offering alternative ways to communicate, we create a more inclusive and supportive environment where people feel safe to engage in their own time and way.
Thank you for reading,
Laura Hellfeld
RN, MSN, PHN, CNL
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Last modified: 29 March 2025